Anal Glands - Blockage, Infection and Tumours

Position and Function

The anal glands are situated at either side of the anus at ‘a twenty to four’ as seen on a clock face.  They consist of two small sacs with a tiny duct that leads to the anal canal.  These glands produce a pungent fluid, a small amount of which is discharged with the passing of faeces.  In dogs, it is thought that the function of these scent glands is to mark territory and to communicate with other canines.

Anal Gland Problems, Symptoms and Treatment

Many people will have witnessed a dog dragging his or her bottom along the ground or carpet and this is usually a sign that there is a problem with the anal glands.  The dog might also spend an excessive amount of time licking its anal region.  More often than not, the glands will simply be blocked and this is easily remedied by gently squeezing the anal sac and thus releasing the contents. It is better to get a professional to do this for you as the appearance of the material that is released will give a good indication of what is wrong.  Sometimes the glands can be infected, in which case the fluid extracted will have a foul smell and will contain pus.

A severe swelling that may have a bruised appearance at the side of the anus may indicate an abscess.  This is a very painful condition and should be treated immediately.  Thankfully anal gland tumours are rare occurrences.

Where an infection is evident the vet may prescribe a course of oral veterinary antibiotics but, if these fail to clear the infection, he may suggest that the glands are flushed through and packed with antibiotic ointment.  The latter treatment is usually carried out under general anaesthetic.

When a dog has a persistent anal gland problem, the vet might recommend surgical removal of the anal glands.  This treatment is called anal sacculectomy.   The procedure involves surgical incision and is carried out under general anaesthetic.  Most dogs are able to go home the same day wearing an Elizabethan collar to prevent licking of the sutured wound and the owner will be issued with antibiotics and pain killers. 

Prevention of Anal Gland Problems

Anal gland blockage tends to be more prevalent in small breeds that are fed with soft foods, although bigger dogs are not immune!  Changing the diet to one that is more fibrous will compact the faeces and, when it is passed, will help to eliminate the anal gland fluid.  High quality dry foods and usually most appropriate.